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Second messengers are used in the downstream signalling cascade of protein hormones. As these hormones are hydrophilic, they can't cross the phospholipid bilayer. Therefore, when binding to a specific rec...

A catalyst refers to many types of different molecules or chemicals which can reduce the activation energy of a reaction without being used up itself. Activation energy is the minimum ene...

This is a common and understandable mistake that is made since essentially both of these processes refer to molecules being moved out of the cytoplasm of a cell using energy. There is however a major diff...

The process of cell division is called the cell cycle. G1 phase - Cell grows in size and cellular contents (e.g. organelles) duplicate so that the new cells will have enough to function. S phase - The ch...

Diffusion is the movement of particles, either in gas or solution, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration in the whole area is equal. This also occurs a...