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The primary structure of a protein involves a sequence of amino acids. This forms a polypeptide chain and there are 20 different amino acids that may contribute to the primary protein structure. The secon...

Genotype is the genetic composition for a particular phenotype. It involves both alleles from both the father and mother. So a genotype of the colour of eyes (blue) could be bb or BB or Bb. 

Evolution by natural selection needs three conditions to be satisfied: variation, heredity, and competition (also called differential fitness).

1. There must be variation in a popula...

Homeostasis can simply be described as the maintenance of a constant internal environment. Human bodies must get rid of accumulating toxic substances which can harm the body. Things like sugar concentrati...

There are numerous ionic fluxes during an action potential, which involves depolarisation, repolarisation and hyperpolarsation. During depolarisation, voltage-gated sodium ion channels open. In turn, sodi...