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There are numerous ionic fluxes during an action potential, which involves depolarisation, repolarisation and hyperpolarsation. During depolarisation, voltage-gated sodium ion channels open. In turn, sodi...

The atria have a shorter contraction time as the ventricles as they only need to pump blood into the ventricles. The contraction time of the ventricles is longer as they need to pump blood through the aor...

Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides to give rise to two identical diploid daughter cells and is how all somatic cells are produced. Meiosis is the process by which a cell gives rise to four gen...

ADH is a hormone made in the hypothalamus and secreted from the pituitary gland. It circulates in the blood to the collecting ducts of the kidneys where it makes aquaporin channels through the collecting ...

There are many ways that animals are adapted to live in dry conditions. First, a decrease in surface area reduces water loss by minimising sweating. They may also have long eyelashes ...