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Scientists have come up with many different definitions of a species over the years; reproductive isolation being key to all concepts. However the most widely accepted is the biological species concept: '...

Sources of genetic variation consist of random fertilisation and mutation. Mutation is a product of mistakes made during DNA replication. There are two main types of mutation; point gene mutation and c...

A mutation is a change in the sequence of nucleotides that make up DNA. This can be caused by a range of internal and external factors. Mutations within the coding region of genes can lead to changes i...

Nephrons are units of the kidney which are specially adapted for filtration and reabsorption of substances in the blood. Each nephron is composed of different various parts which have specific roles. T...

Antiobiotics kill bacteria but bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics. This happens through a process called natural selection. Within a group/population of bacteria they will all have small diff...