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Gibbs free energy allows you to link together the two factors entropy and enthalpy, these factors together determine if a chemical reaction is spontaneous or not. For a reaction to be spontaneous then the...

If a chiral molecules undergoes nucleophilic substitution what happens to its stereochemistry?

S_N1: These reactions occur with the production of a cationic intermediate. These conta...

Transition metal ions have, by definition, at least one partly filled d orbital (eg:3d). When in a solution, the positive charge of the transition metal ions can cause the lone elctron pairs of other ...

AlCl₃ has a trigonal planar structure. There is an aluminium atom with 3 sp₂ hybridised orbitals which bond to 3 chlorine atoms. The bond angle is 120 degrees. Each chlorine atom...