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Technological leapfrogging is the process of skipping inferior technology in order to reach a more efficient and cost-effective solution. Technology can increase the access to many resources such as mobil...

Counter-urbanisation is the movement from city to rural area (centrifugal movement). Firstly, it is quieter in suburban/rural areas with less traffic, congestion and higher living standards. This is espec...

The formation of a waterfall is predominately a result of geology. Throughout the long profile of a river horizontal bands of soft and hard rock are passed over. The harder rock is generally on top of the...

Genetic modification (GM) plants are plants that have been manipulated in a laboratory before being released and bred. There are a number of ways in which these can help food production, these include, pe...

Destructive waves have a weak swash and a strong backwash, thus material is removed from the beach. They are strong waves created when the wind is strong and has been blowing for a long time or in stormy ...