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BODMAS is an acronym that tells you what order to do things in a maths equation. It stands for brackets, order (e.g. 2²), division/multiplication and addition/subtraction. 

3/12, 2/8. To identify fractions which are equivalent to one another, you need to identify the common multiple of both the denominator and numerator and then simplify. When a fraction is equivalent to one...

first equation: 6a + b = 16     second equation: 5a - 2b = 19    from 2 times first equation + second equation 17a = 51 meaning a = 3

.... from the first equation 6(3) + b = 16 therefore b = - 2

putting in the conditions: 18000 = 2000e^3k ..  ln(9) = 3k .. k=(1/3)ln(9)

Rearrange the equation so that the x terms and y terms bracketed together, like so: (x^2 - 4x) + (y^2 + 10y) - 115 = 0. Complete the square on both sets of brackets, giving (x - 2)^2 - 4 + (y + 5)^2 - 25 ...