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F2 has van der Waals’ forces, whilst HCl has permanent dipole–dipole attractions. Permanent dipole–dipole attractions are much stronger than induced dipoles. More enegery is required to break the stronger...

Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR is the process of amplifying a sample of DNA. The first stage of a PCR cycle is known as the denaturation phase. This occurs at a temperature of 95C and lasts for approxim...

“No plot device is more constantly recurrent in Shakespearean drama then is disguise,” writes critic P. Kreider.[1] Indeed, Shakespeare frequently uses cross-dressing as a means by which to spur a sequenc...

x=-1/2 and x=1

"Urtext" (German for "original text") editions are generally the closest to the composer's intentions. Since centuries have passed, sometimes it is difficult to tell whether an Urtext ...