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Action potentials are how nerve impulses travel along nerve cells/neurones. At rest a neurone has a membrane potential of -70mV which is maintained by the action of sodium potassium pumps in the plasma me...

sin2θ = 2sinθcosθ (double angle formula for sine)cos2θ = cos²θ - sin²θ (double angle formula for cosine) = 2cos²θ - 1 (utilising the trignometric identit...

Any essay should have an Introduction, Conclusion and Thematic Sections in between where the main body of the essay will be. In the introduction you should lay out the Context of the question (perhaps aid...

i. How does antibiotic resistance arise? antibiotic resistance = bacteria that cannot be treated with antibiotics resistance arises when bacterial genes mutate (=a change in base s...