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Muataions within genes can be caused by several ways. 

Sometimes they can be spontaneous or other times they can be induced by environmental factors. These factors can include chemicals s...

Translation takes place on ribsomes, which can be found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or within the cytoplasm. 

Once the mRNA has been exported from the nucleus it binds to a ri...

f(c) means let x=c. Remember that c is just an unknown number.

The expression f(c)=9 means that when we put c through the function f(x)=7-4x, it gives the answer 9. Therefore we know 7-4c...

Firstly, we calculate the y-value when x=1, namely y=e. Then we need to find the gradient of this curve at x=1, which can be determined by taking the derivative of y and then valuate it at x=1. So dy/d...

Four mark questions are a great way to pick up marks. There is a simple strategy to remember when answering these. 

Firstly, always write down your definition of the key word(s). Even if ...