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A mutation is a change in the genetic composition of the DNA. It is often caused by an accidental insertion, deletion or swapping of a single base however whole genes can also move.

SNPs,...

Intercostal muscles and the diapragm contract, which causes the ribs to move upwards and outwards. This increases the volume of the thorax, therefore lowering the pressure within the lungs. The pressur...

A reflex action is an automatic rapid involuntary response, which acts to protect the body from damage. Such as when you touch something extremely hot, you involuntarily remove your hand from the hot o...

A nucleophile is a molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. It is strongly attracted to a region of positive charge. Common nucleophiles include hydroxide ions; due...

A mole is a unit of measurement for the amount of a substance. One mole is 6.02 x 10^23 particles in a substance, known as Avogadro's constant. This is because this is the number of atoms in  <...