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The perfect passive participle is found in the fourth column of principal parts tables. It is formed differently in each conjugation:

First: -atus (amatus)

Second: -itus/irr...

There's a nice trick here you can do, treat the equation as 1*ln(x) then intergrate by parts.

Differentiating ln(x) gives 1/x, while intergrating 1 gives x

So your left with...

The verb 'ser' meaning to be, is used for permanent situations or statuses. e.g. Pablo es un chico aburrido = Pablo is a boring boy. 

The verb 'estar' also means to be but it is used for ...

The direct object is used with transitive verbs (action verbs that are received by someone or something) and is not related to the main subject. e.g. Mangio una mela = I eat an apple. The subject here ...

Oxygen is a critical component of Aerobic respiration in many animals. The reason why oxygen is so important is because it plays a crucial role in the mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell. The mit...