What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Transcription and translation are two of the processes involved in the production of a protein from it's gene. Translation, the first process, takes place within the nucleus. The DNA is unwound at the gene of interest by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs, this is carried out by the enzyme helicase. One of the resulting strands is then used as a template by RNA polymerase to synthesise the messenger-RNA. This enzyme align free RNA nucleotides to the complimentary DNA nucleotides found on the template. The RNA nucleotides are then joined together by RNA polymerase through the formation of a sugar-phosphate backbone. The resulting pre-mRNA undergo further processing (e.g. splicing) to form the final mRNA which is then released into the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores. The DNA coil back into a double helix by reforiming the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.
The second process, transcription, takes place on ribosomes. Three consecutive base pairs are known as a codon and a codon codes for one amino acid. In the cytoplasm transfer-RNA carry amino acids. Once the mRNA is attached to the ribosome, tRNA align with the mRNA via complimentary base pairing. The start codon on mRNA is usually AUG. Therefore, a tRNA which contain the complimentary anti-codon UAC align with the start codon. AUG codes for the amino acid methionine and so the other end of the 'UAC' tRNA will have this complimentary amino acid attached. By the same method of complimentary base pairing a second tRNA align with the next immediate codon on the mRNA. The two amino acids form a peptide bond and the first amino acid is released by it's tRNA, which moves away. A third tRNA comes in complimentary to the next codon and the 2nd and 3rd amino acids form a peptide bond, releasing the 2nd tRNA. This process continues until a stop codon is reached. The final polypeptide chain (the sequence of bonded amino acids) go on to form a protein.