Explain how glucose is made during photosynthesis and how it is utilised by the plant.

During photosynthesis, green plants use carbon dioxyde and water, and with light energy convert them to glucose and oxygen. There are two phases of this process, the light-dependent phase which needs the energy from light to convert it to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH molecules. This process takes place in the thylakoids and converts water to oxygen. The second phase is known as the Calvin cycle, takes place in the stroma and with ATP produced in the first phase converts carbon dioxyde to glucose.
At the end of photosynthesis, glucose can be used to build basic structures (monomere) for different kinds of polysaccharides, which are complex carbohydrates. Those complex carbohydrate molecules can be converted into other organic molecules such as proteins or lipids (= anabolism; a metabolic pathway of constructing big molecules from smaller units). Glucose and fructose can make saccharose and be provided to cells as food. Big molecules can be broken into smaller molecules to release energy (= catabolism), with or without oxygen. This energy can serve for cell functions or plant growth. Starch granules serve as carbohydrate “banks” from which plant cells can withdraw glucose for energy or building materials. Glucose is utilized in the synthesis of cellulose. Cellulose is used by plants as a structural material . It looks like long filaments which can be pressed densly together to shape wood.