When do I use the subjunctive?

Although it can seem like a daunting prospect, once you get to grips with the main rules and exceptions to the rule of the subjunctive it is just as simple as any other tense.
Below I have outlined a summary of the main rules where the subjunctive is used:
Desire/ where there is an element of instruction or demand:Je veux que tu fassesJe ne veux pas que tu fassesHowever: when expressing a desire for yourself, you use the indicative:Je veux aller/il veut faire...
Possibility:Il est possible qu'il y ait...Il est peu probable qu'il vienne...BUT: if it were a fact/if there is certainty you use the indicative:Il est certain que je vais...Il est probable qu'il viendra...
Negative opinions:Je ne pense pas qu'il soit justeJe nie que cela soit vrai Concession: je ne nie pas que cela (ne) soit vrai
Doubt:Il n'est pas évident qu'il ait raison....Qui que tu soisQuoi que tu aies faitQuelles que soient tes fautes
Necessity:Il faut que tu ailles...Il est nécessaire qu'ils sachent...
Assumption/Hypothesis:Supposons qu'il revienne...Qu'il vienne ou pas, cela m'est égal
Emotion:J'ai peur qu'ils ne viennent pasJe regrette que vous soyez à Paris...
Time clauses:Avant queEn attendant queJusqu'à ce que
Purpose:Je parle lentement pour que vous me compreniez
Concession:Attendons encore, quoique nous soyons déjà en retard
In summary, although it seems that there are many rules to get your head around, as a general rule, where there are phrases using 'que' more often than not a subjunctive is used, the main examples being when expressing doubt, possibility, desire or necessity.

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