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For the first part of this question it is important to think about key themes and characters and group your quotations accordingly. Don't try to learn whole passages. More often than not the shorter, memo...

Obviously past papers are key for practice at GCSE. Even old style practice papers are still useful. However it is not enough to just get answers wrong and move on. It is more useful to look up all the vo...

tan^2(x)=1/(cos^2(x))-1 Left hand side of the equation (LHS)=tan^2(x) Use the identity tan(x)=sin(x)/cos(x) and substitute it into the LHS LHS=sin^2(x)/cos^2(x) Use the identity sin^2(x)+cos^2(x)=1 and re...

Group 5 and 6 have a different electronic structure, with group 6 having one extra electron that group 5.

If we look at Hunds rule, which states that electrons must occupy orbitals individually bef...

4x^2 + 8x - 5 = 0 4(x^2 + 2x - (5/4)) = 0 4((x + 1)^2 - 1^2 - (5/4)) = 0 4((x + 1)^2 - (9/4)) = 0 4(x + 1)^2 - 9 = 0 4(x + 1)^2 - 9 = 0 Turning point is at (-1, -9)