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It slopes downwards because a lower price means more buyers will be willing and able to purchase the good (as it becomes more affordable to more people), so the quantity demanded increases. This is an inv...

You are given the equation of a line in the form of y=mx+c. From this, you know that 'm' represents the gradient, which can also be represented as dy/dx. We now need to work out the gradient of the normal...

Mass Spectrometry is often used by scientists to determine all the isotopes present in a sample (using their isotopic masses) and thus identify the element. The first stage is called the 'ionisation sta...

Interest rates are the cost of borrowing money expressed as a percentage of the amount borrowed. A reduction in the bank rate by the MPC (Monetary Policy Committee) would result in banks offering lower in...

Firstly, a depreciation of a currency; such as the 'pound sterling' in the United Kingdom, can be defined as a fall in the external value of the currency in relation to another currency of another country...