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To perform the esterification, we are going to need to react a carboxylic acid with an alcohol (in this case). We already have the correct alcohol: ethanol. Therefore to get ethanoic acid we must oxidise ...

Phenol reacts with bromine at room temperature with no catalyst as the hydroxyl group activates the ring by donating a pi electron. This donated electron increases the electron density of the ring hence a...

The difference between English GCSE and English at A level is the volume of independent learning. This means taking an active approach to your essays and further reading surrounding the texts at A level. ...

Proof by contradiction works by working of the assumption a statement is true, then showing it contradicts with a known truth. It's easy to rote learn the main ones required for Maths A Levels (irriationa...

This is because helper T cells are required to cause the proliferation of plasma B cells that produce antibodies once they recognise the antigen on an antigen presenting cell as harmful.