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The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic substitution reaction - where one of the hydrogens (or other group attached to the benzene ring) is removed and replaced by another group. The...

deltaG= Gibbs free energy 

deltaG=deltaH - TdeltaS 

If deltaH= 150 kJ/mol and deltaS=2.1 J/mol we must first convert the deltaS into kJ/mol, this is done by multiplying by 1...

Electron pairs arrange themselves so they are as far apart as possible (electron pair repulsion theory). In a covalent compound, the number of electron pairs around the central atom determines the shap...

The Gibbs free energy of a process is a measure of how readily that process will proceed on its own - a negative value means that the reaction is spontaneous, a positive value means that it is not, and...

Mass spectrometry is a technique we use to analyse and determine the structure of compound. Generally, it works by injecting your compound into an ionisation chamber, ...