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All stem cells contain the same genes, but not all of these genes are expressed. Signalling causes certain genes to become activated within a stem cell. Only these activated genes are transcribed into mRN...

a) The fluorine atom is smaller than the chlorine atom, and there is less shielding from other shells of electrons. Thus the bonding pair of electrons are more attracted to the positive nucleus.

b)...

Normal neuronal resting potential is around -70mV - this is maintained by sodium-potassium pumps. When the neuron is stimulated, sodium ion channels begin to open, allowing sodium ions to diffuse back int...

To solve a quadratic equation of the form Ax² + Bx + C = 0, where, in this example, A=1, B=7 and C=6, we need to factorise the left-hand side of the equation. To do this we first need to write ...

The decrease in chlorophyll in the diseased plant leaves means the light energy cannot be used to make glucose via photosynthesis in the chloroplasts. Tomatoes store a lot of glucose therefore with less g...