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5' and 3' ends describes the directionality of the DNA molecule. Essentially, the strand of a DNA molecule can have a 5' end and a 3' end. To understand what a 5' or 3' end is, we need to look at the mole...

A large surface area to volume ratio will decrease the rate of heat loss from the penguin. In the cold environment of Antarctica this means that the penguin needs to expend less energy to maintain its bod...

These muscle cells are known as a type of cell called smooth muscle. They serve to contract/shorten regularly in unison in a process known as peristalsis. This allows the food to be mixed with each other,...

Think of two animals of the same species. One of them has a gene that contains mutation X. Mutation X helps this animal to be better adapted to survive as it makes them stronger, and more likely to find f...

A competitive enzyme inhibitor is a molecule which has a similar structure to the target molecule (substrate). It acts by binding to and blocking the active site of the enzyme. This prevents the substrate...