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Osmosis is the process describing the random movement of water molecules through a permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration until equilibrium is re...

DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs in the double-stranded DNA. RNA nucleotides then line up beside their corresponding nitrogenous base (A-T, C-G) along the template strand of t...

A phagocyte will engulf the pathogen by endocytosis. The vesicle containing the pathogen will fuse with the lysosome where it is degraded by hydrolytic enzymes. Short peptides of the pathogen will be disp...

Mutation can result in changes to a proteins primary, secondary and tertiary structure. Deletion mutations and mutations resulting in a new stop codon can result in the <...

A reflex arc is the nerve pathway which follows a reflex action. First a stimulus, like a pin prick, is detected by receptors in the skin. A sensory neurone then sends electrical impulses to a relay neuro...