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shivering - muscles contract rapidly, causes more respiration which releases energy blood vessels near skin constrict - blood flow to skin decreases, less energy lost to surroundings

The first thing to remember is that muscles always act in pairs; so when one contracts, the other relaxes. Think of the muscles in your arm; when you bend your arm towards you, the bicep contracts so beco...

unevenly thickened cell wall able to change shape / bendtransport proteins / ion pumps, in plasma membrane(presence of) chloroplasts (to provide, ATP / energy)

Firstly, depolarization of the neuronal membrane occurs. This is due to a stimulus which causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open, allowing sodium ions to diffuse down their concentration gradient...

The Endocrine part of the Pancreas is the Islets of Langerhans which contain alpha and beta cells. These cells secrete hormones directly into the blood. The alpha cells secrete glucagon and the beta cells...