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human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone which is closely associated with the early stages of pregnancy. It is produced by the blastocyst once it has implanted int...

In hot and dry climates plants will have an increased rate of transpiration, the release of water through the stomata of plant cells. In dry conditions there is a lack of water and as such, plants need to...

A myelinated neurone is insulated by a layer of Schwann cells that make up the myelin sheath. This aids in the faster conduction of an action potential down the neuronal axon. Depolarisation of the axon c...

shivering - muscles contract rapidly, causes more respiration which releases energy blood vessels near skin constrict - blood flow to skin decreases, less energy lost to surroundings

The first thing to remember is that muscles always act in pairs; so when one contracts, the other relaxes. Think of the muscles in your arm; when you bend your arm towards you, the bicep contracts so beco...