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Biconcave discs- to increase surface area for oxygen carriage Haemoglobin- increases affinity for oxygen uptake at the lungs. However, at the respiring tissues, the increased CO2 concentration allow relea...

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane

The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes, along with accessory electron carriers, embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane of mitochondria. ...

Firstly, try to remember what the intermediate reaction was called (Link Reaction). Name this, as if the name was not stated in the first place in the question, the examiner is most likely looking for you...

Answers could include:Thinning of alveoli walls to reduce the size of the alveoli air sacsSacs lose their elasticity leading to a difficulty in expelling carbon dioxide and taking in oxygenDecrease in dif...