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Degenerate genetic coding means that although there are 64 different codons, there are only 21 amino acids, meaning that there are multiple codons which code for one single amino acid. The advantage for t...

[Hints given to student: (1) Bread contains starch, and (2) saliva mixes with your food when you are chewing].ANSWER: Bread contains the carbohydrate called 'starch', a molecule consistin...

The binding curve of haemoglobin to its substrate is sigmoidal ('s' -shaped). Haemoglobin has four subunits, each of which will bind one molecule of oxygen. The reason for the sigmoidal shape is the proce...

Firstly, red blood cells contain the globular protein haemoglobin which is able to bind reversibly with oxygen. This means red blood cells can take up and then release oxygen as they transport it around t...

There are differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, that allow them to be distinguished. 1) There is compartmentalisation in the eukaryotic cells, meaning the eukaryotic cells contain structur...