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We know red hair is recessive, so to have red hair you must have to have two red hair alleles, therefore Ben's genotype must be rr.However, the brown hair allele is dominant, this means you can have eithe...

Receptors in the skin which are sensitive to changes in pain, pressure and temperature detect a change in one of these factors. This acts as the stimulus for the reflex response. This stimulus triggers an...

An electrical impulse arrives at the synaptic knob in the pre-synaptic neuron. This causes the voltage-gated calcium ion channels to open and calcium ions will diffuse into the synaptic knob, down the con...

When a substance that is found that could be potentially useful for treating a disease, it can be developed into a drug. The drug then needs to be tested to check for safety, efectiveness and dosage. The ...

Cells under attack release histamine --> attracts macrophagesMacrophage engulfs pathogen into a phagocytic vacuole by phagocytosisMacrophage carries o...