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Sigma bonds form as a result of end on overlap of orbitals (pp, ss or sp) along the axis between two atoms' nuclei. Pi bonds form because of parallel overlap between p orbitals. A sigma bond forms a singl...

With the first electron affinity, the chlorine atom is one electron from a full octet ( and is a neutral species). When you add an electron to the chlorine, the negatively charged electron is electrostati...

With phenol, the oxygen atom is directly attached to the delocolised pi system in phenol, as a result the lone pair on this oxygen is incorporated into this delocolised pi system in phenol, increasing it'...

The important condition for circular motion is that there must be a constant force acting perpendicular to the motion of the object. In this case there will be a contact force acting on the object from th...

The sine rule is a very powerful tool used in mathematics to calculate unknown sides and angles of triangles when we only know some of the information.

For example if we have a triangle and we know...