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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a common problem. It results from the transfer of a gene that gives resistance to a specific antibiotic usually by means of a plasmid to a bacterium. Some bacteria...

·      Changes in arctic conditions (arctic ice cap may disappear, permafrost will melt during the summer)

·      As the ice melts, sea ...

The precautionary principle holds that, if the effects of a human-induced change would be very large, perhaps catastrophic, those responsible for the change must prove that it will not do harm before ...

Recent Trends:

▪       Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have been measured at the Mauna Loa atmospheric observatory in Hawaii from ...

Carbon is one of the main elements found in all organic molecules including carbohydrate, protein and lipid.

Processes:

·      Ph...