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Genetic diversity within a population is the variety of different alleles (versions) of genes present, which lead to a variety of phenotypes. It is important for a number of reasons, such preventing inbre...

One sample of bacteria was grown in a nutrient broth containing light nitrogen (N¹⁴) and one was grown in a broth with heavy nitrogen (N¹⁵). The bacteria took up the nitrogen to make...

Think of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes like the pedals used to operate a car. Oncogenes are mutated forms of proto-oncogenes. Normally, these proto-oncogenes act like the gas pedal, and allow the ...

Both are processes of cell division in which one cell splits. In mitosis two genetically identical daughter cells are produced. In mitosis the 46 chromosomes within a cell (human) are duplicated, then one...

Firstly we need to understand the structure of membranes. Cell membranes are made up of phospholipids. These are molecules with a hydrophilic head (it “likes water”) and hydrophobic tail (which “doesn’t l...