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This process is called transcription. In the nucleus, an enzyme helicase is used to break the hydrogen bonds between the two strands of the double helix. Only o...
This reaction involves a transfer of hydrogen from NADH to pyruvate to produce lactate and NAD+. In order for glycolysis to continue to produce ATP for the cell to use, NAD+ is requi...
The student should give an answer that reflects that eukaryotic cells evolved later and have had lots of time to become different through evolution, for instance: “prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ma...
A stimulus excites a neuron by causing the opening of sodium channels. This causes an influx of sodium which causes the opening of other voltage-gated sodium channels. This causes the membrane...
Emphysema is an obstructive lung disease(1), where alveoli collapse due to break down of elastin in their walls(2). This means that the lungs cannot recoil(3), making expiration difficult. There is less s...
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