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Taking a sample from an area of space where you can clearly see there to be more species richness or abundance is not taking a representative sample, and it won't tell you what is really going on in that ...

Primary structure: Amino acids (AAs), the building blocks for all proteins, are linked together by peptide bonds. The primary sequence tells you the AAs in the protein but n...

The primary structure of a protein involves a sequence of amino acids. This forms a polypeptide chain and there are 20 different amino acids that may contribute to the primary protein structure. The secon...

Evolution by natural selection needs three conditions to be satisfied: variation, heredity, and competition (also called differential fitness).

1. There must be variation in a popula...

There are numerous ionic fluxes during an action potential, which involves depolarisation, repolarisation and hyperpolarsation. During depolarisation, voltage-gated sodium ion channels open. In turn, sodi...