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There are several ways in which a pathogen can cause disease. These can be seen in the Germ Theory of disease, made famous by Robert Koch.

These include releasing toxins (1) and damaging/...

It is important to first understand the concept of respiration. It is not the same as ventilation (breathing), as respiration is a chemical process that involves the breakdown of basic chemical molecul...

Homeostasis refers to the processes that occur in our bodies to maintain various factors at set values. An example of this is control of body temperature. For example, if the temperature is too high, we b...

a) Proteins, which are highly-folded poplypeptides, are broken down into shorter polypeptides, and then into amino acids, by protease enzymes.

b) Fats, or lipids, are broken down by enzym...

Enzymes are biological catalysts - they 'speed up' biological reactions - essentially increasing the rate at which they occur.

Pepsin is an enzyme that catalyses the digestion of proteins...