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We can traditionally consider three core models which theorise how the development gap has come to exist. These are: Dependency Theory, Rostow's Modernisation Theory, and Wallerstein's World Systems Theor...

When differentiating you find the gradient of the function/line, this means how fast does the function goes up or down.

First take log’s each side as it would turn our complicated function into something differentiable by chain rule.
ln y = x*ln x
Then differentiate y with respect to x:
d(ln y)/dx = ln x + 1...

Chain rule: First resolve the log differential, then resolve the fraction integration either by knowing the formula for it or by writing (e^x+1)/(e^x-1) as (e^x+1)(e^x-1)^(-1) and applying chain rule agai...

First we look at the probability of producing a total ensemble which is 1/(n+m)!. This is in any random order and any part either m or n
To further see what is going on let’s take some example let’s ...