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The root of an equation is a point where, when the equation is plotted on a graph, it crosses the x axis. The x axis is the line y = 0, so the roots can be found by setting 0 = ax² + bx + c whe...

The photoelectic effect is when photoelectrons are released from a metal that light is incident upon. The photoelectrons are only emitted when the photons of light are above a certain threshold frequency ...

Diaphragm contracts which causes it to move downwards/become flatter

Carbon dioxide causes global warming which consequently leads to enhanced melting of polar ice caps and rising sea levels. 

Carbon particles lead to formation of smog which blocks out sunlight and ...

When the nerve impulse arrives, it stimualtes the opening of Voltage Gated Calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This means Calcium is released into the sarcoplasm where is can bind to troponin ...