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Proteins are made up of polypeptide chains. These are chains of amino acids which are joined together by peptide bonds as a result of a condensation reaction. This produces water as a waste product.The pr...

All population that reproduce sexually contain some degree of genetic variation, likewise, all environments will have different selection pressures. As a population reproduces, the individuals best suited...

This is an example of knowledge recall question with need for further explanation. It is therefore important to be able to explain yourself concisely and in the manner that the examiners expect to gain th...

Transcription is the first stage of protein synthesis. It involved the formation of primary mRNA. Transcription begins with a section of DNA within the nucleus unwinding using enzyme DNA helicase. This se...

Ocean acidification is caused by the chemical reaction of CO2 dissolving into seawater, where it immediately dissociates into carbonic acid and then into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions which decreases the ...