Search over 10,000 free study notes

The action potential travels down the presynaptic neuron, depolarising the membraneCauses voltage-gated calcium channels to openCalcium ions cause the neurotransmitter to fuse with the membraneThe neurotr...

Actions of Adrenaline
Heart
Cardiac Output = Heart rate X Stroke VolumeIncreases Total peripheral resistance = Increases Blood pressureOverall effect
Lungs  Dila...

The buccal cavity of the fish opens and the buccal floor moves downwards. This creates a larger volume in the buccal cavity causing pressure to fall relative to the pressure in the external environment. W...

At the first proton pump and associated electron carrier of the inner mitochondrial membrane reduced NAD releases two H⁺ ions and two electrons. An electron travels down a series of electron ca...

At rest the neuron has a charge of -70mV, this is called the resting membrane potential and is caused by different concentrations of ions inside and out of the cell. At rest, potassium ions accumulate ins...