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Increasing temperature gives more kinetic energy to both enzyme and substrate so they move more and with more energy. They can then collide more frequently allow more binding so the rate of reaction incre...

Acetylation: addition of an acetyl group to a histone molecule. Forces DNA strands apart, allowing easier access for RNA polymerase for transcription. Therefore increases expression of target gene(s) due ...

Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules i.e. they have a hydrophilic (“water-loving”), polar head end, and a hydrophobic (“water-fearing”), nonpolar tail end (1 mark). The major phospholipids in most anim...

DNA is a long, large molecule, which allows a lot of information to be stored within in. It has a sugar-phosphate backbone, which protects it from physical and chemical damage as the phospho-diester linka...

1.AP arrives at the presynaptic neurone2.AP stimulates voltage gated Ca ion channels to open3.Increased permeability of Ca ion channels causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with presynaptic membrane4. Exocyto...