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DOPAMINE = Responsible for motivation/reward. Important in addictive behaviour. Dopamine is released when doing a rewarding behaviour. Drugs increase dopamine levels. Can be environmental → seeing a pack ...

If you picture an iceberg, the tip is visible above the water, meanwhile the bottom is not visible or easily accessible. The visible top of the iceberg represents the conscious mind, which we can access e...

This model was proposed by Freud. It divides the mind into two sections: the conscious and the unconscious. The id and the superego form the unconscious mind. The id is the first part to develop and it wo...

Both these types of conditioning use a behaviourist approach - this assumes that all behaviour is learned. Classical conditioning is learning through associating stimuli with each other e.g. After their f...

An advantage of open questions is that respondents are given the freedom to elaborate on their answers providing in-depth accounts compared to closed questions. A disadvantage is that responses may lack r...