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Eukaryotes have a plasma membrane, nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes.

Prokaryotes do n...

Fixed interval: The presentation of a reward after a fixed amount of time (e.g., $1 every hour) Fixed ratio: The presentation of a reward after a fixed amount of effort (e.g., $1 every 5 questions answer...

Operant conditioning is where one is able to change the behaviour of another person or animal using reinforcement and punishment. The term was used by Skinner (1938) who demonstrated that when rats are po...

The decision rule with act utilitarianism is ‘perform the action that results in the maximum sum of utility from those available when making the decision’. By contrast rule utilitarianism offers the revis...