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Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels and Voltage-gated K⁺ channels are closed at rest, Once a stimulus is applied, the neurotransmitters activate chemically-gated (CG) channels within the cell...

A= 0.6 a= 0.4 p+q=1 where p=A and q=a p²+2pq+q²=1where AA=P² Thus AA frequency in the population = 0.6²= 0.36Aa=2pq Aa frequency in the population = 2(0.4 X 0.6...

Diuretics can reduce the amount of Na+ that is reabsorbed by the nephron (leads to excretion of more salt and water in the urine)
The reabsorption of Na+ from the kidney tubule back into the capillar...

The epithelial cells in the lungs are arranged into structures called alveoli which are found at the end of bronchioles and are adapted for efficient gas exchange.
Firstly, there are millions of alv...

For cells in the body that replicate, they undergo mitosis to produce two identical daughter cells from one parent cell. These cells are undergoing a cycle, called the cell cycle, with several stages lead...