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DNA is made up of two nucleic acid strands joined by hydrogen bonding. Nucleic acids are polymers made up of many nucleotide monomers linked together by phosphodiester bonds. This type of bond is a covale...

Eutrophication is an enrichment of water by nutrient salts that causes structural changes to the ecosystem such as: increased production of algae and aquatic plants (algal blooms), depletion of fish speci...

The tertiary structure of a protein is the final folding of a protein into its final shape. It involves interactions between the R-groups of the amino-acids in the polypeptide chain. These interactions ar...

Photosystems sit in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. There job is to capture light energy and convert it into energy that can be used by the plant to eventually create ATP. Photosystems are made up...

1. Name the exact type of equipment used i.e. belt or line transect; frame, open or point quadrat. The answer to this will relate to the aims of the study. Trancsects are useful for studying change...